---

Alabama

First Baptist Church of Citronelle v. Citronelle-Mobile Gathering, Inc., 409 So.2d 727 (Ala. 1981).

White v. Sims, 470 So.2d 1191(Ala. 1985). 

Burdeshaw v. White, 585 So.2d 842 (Ala. 1991).

Ex Parte Water Works and Sewer Board of City of Birmingham, 738 So.2d 783 (Ala. 1998).

Voyager Ins. Co. v. Whitson, 867 So.2d 1065 (Ala. 2003).
 

Alaska

Nolan v. Sea Airmotive, Inc., 627 P.2d 1035 (Alaska 1981).

Fred Meyer of Alaska, Inc. v. Adams, 963 P.2d 1025 (Alaska 1998).

Arizona

Hall v. Romero, 685 R.2d 757 (Ariz.App.Div. 1984). 

Hosogai v. Kadota, 700 P.2d 1327 (Ariz. 1985). 
 

Arkansas

Blaylock v. Shearson Lehman Bros. Inc., 954 S.W.2d 939 (Ark. 1997).

California

Home Sav. & Loan Assn. v. Superior Ct., 117 Cal.Rptr. 485 (Cal.App. 2 Dist. 1974).

Cartt v. Superior Ct., 124 Cal.Rptr. 376 (Cal.App. 2 Dist. 1975).

Colwell Co. v. Superior Ct., 123 Cal.Rptr. 228 (Cal.App. 2 Dist. 1975).

Anthony v. Superior Ct., 130 Cal.Rptr. 758 (Cal.App. 2 Dist. 1976).

Kass v. Young, 136 Cal.Rptr. 469 (Cal.App. 1 Dist. 1977).

Garrett v. Coast Fed. Sav. And Loan Assn., 186 Cal.Rptr.178 (Cal.App. 2 Dist. 1982).

Guenter v. Lomas & Nettleton Co., 189 Cal.Rptr. 470 (Cal.App. 1 Dist. 1983).

Bangert v. Narmco Materials, Inc., 209 Cal.Rptr. 438 (Cal.App. 4 Dist. 1984).

Gutierrez v. Mofid, 218 Ca.Rptr. 313 (Cal. 1985).

Leveque v. Abbott Labs., 240 Cal.Rptr. 278 (Cal.App. 1 Dist. 1987).

Leveque v. Abbott Labs., 237 Cal.Rptr. 386 (Cal.App. 1 Dist. 1987).

Pomeranz v. Abbott Labs., 236 Cal.Rptr. 906 (Cal.App. 1 Dist. 1987).

Jolly v. Eli Lilly & Co., 245 Cal.Rptr. 658 (Cal. 1988).

Christensen v. Superior Ct., 271 Cal.Rptr.360 (Cal.App. 2 Dist. 1990).

Becker v. McMillin Const. Co., 277 Cal. Rptr.491 (Cal.App 4 Dist. 1991).

Woosley v. State of Cal., 13 Cal.Rptr.2d 30 (Cal. 1992).

San Fran. Unified School Dist. v. W.R. Grace & Co., 44 Cal.Rptr.2d 305 (Cal.App. 1 Dist. 1995).

Bunnell v. Dept. of Corrections, 76 Cal.Rptr.2d 58 (Cal.App.3 Dist. 1998).

State ex rel. Dept. of Motor Vehicles v. Superior Court, 78 Cal.Rptr.2d 88 (Cal. App. 2 Dist. 1998).

State of Cal. ex rel. Dept. of Motor Vehicles v. Superior Court, 71 Cal.Rptr.2d 594 (Cal.App. 2 Dist. 1998).

Howard Gunty Profit Sharing Plan v. Greenwood, 2001 WL 1190761 (Cal.App. 2 Dist. 2001).

Smith v. Bayer Corp., 2001 WL 1660064 (Cal.App. 2 Dist. 2001).

Garnier v. Ludwisk, 2003 WL 21734029 (Cal.App. 6 Dist. 2003).

Franks v. Burlington Norther and Santa Fe Ry. Co., 2004 WL 119860 (Cal.App. 2 Dist. 2004).

Sproul v. Oakland Raiders, 2005 WL 1941388 (Cal.App. 1 Dist. 2005).

Colorado

Levine v. Empire Sav. and Loan Assn., 529 P.2d 642 (Colo.App. 1977).

Rosenthal v. Dean Witter Reynolds, Inc., 883 P.2d 522 (Colo.App. 1994).

Kuhn v. State, Dept. of Rev., 897 P.2d 792 (Colo. 1995).

First Interstate Bank of Denver, N.A. v. Central Bank & Trust Co. of Denver, 937 P.2d 855 (Colo.App. 1996)

Connecticut

Campbell v. New Milford Bd., 423 A.2d 900 (Conn.Super. 1980).

Villegas v. Quality Roofing Co., Inc. 1993 WL 170230 (Conn.Super. 1993).

Bosco v. Arrowhead Lake, 1994 WL 389034 (Conn.Super. 1994).

Grimes v. Housing Auth. of the City of New Haven, 1995 WL 322430 (Conn.Super. 1995).

Cigna Fin. Advisors Inc. v. Rosen, 1995 WL 16809 (Conn.Super. 1995).

Grimes v. Housing Auth. of the City of New Haven, 679 A.2d 397 (Conn.App. 1996).

Grimes v. Housing Auth. of the City of New Haven, 682 A.2d 1000 (Conn. 1996).

Grimes v. Housing Auth. of the City of New Haven, 698 A.2d 302 (Conn. 1997).

Tibbetts v. Town of Greenwich, 1997 WL 115672 (Conn.Super. 1997).

Raynor v. Hickock Realty Corp. 763 A.2d 54 (Conn.App. 2000).

Delaware

Harman v. Masoneilan Intern., Inc., 442 A.2d 487 (Del.Super. 1982).

MAXXAM, Inc./Federated Dev. Shareholders Litigation, In Re, 698 A.2d 949 (Del.Ch. 1996).

Mentis v. Del. Amer. Life Ins. Co., 2000 WL 973299 (Del.Super. 2000).

Turner v. Berstein, 768 A.2d 24 (Del.Ch. 2000).

District of Columbia

Kleiboemer v. Dist. of Columbia, 458 A.2d 731 (D.C. 1983).

Florida

Latman v. Costa Cruise Lines, N.V., 758 So.2d 699 (Fla.App. 3 Dist. 2000). 
 

Hawaii

Pacific Concrete Fed. Credit Union v. Kauanoe, 614 P.2d 936 (Hawaii 1980).

Levi v. Univ. of Hawaii, 679 P.2d 129 (Hawaii 1984).

Idaho 

Pope v. Intermountain Gas. Co., 646 P.2d 988, (Idaho 1982). 
 

Illinois

Steinberg v. Chicago Medical School, 371 N.E.2d 634 (Ill. 1977).

Schlessinger v. Olsen, 427 N.E.2d 122 (Ill. 1981).

Munsterman v. Ill. Agr. Auditing Assn., 435 N.E.2d 923 (Ill.App. 3 Dist. 1982).

Hess v. I.R.E. Real Estate Income Fund, Ltd., 629 N.E.2d 520 (Ill.App. 1 Dist. 1993).

Portwood v. Ford Motor Co., 685 N.E.2d 941 (Ill.App. 1 Dist. 1997).

In re Chicago Flood Litigation, 682 N.E.2d 421 (Ill.App. 1 Dist. 1997).

Regnery v. Myers, 679 N.E.2d 74 (Ill.App.1 Dist.1997).

Portwood v. Ford Motor Co., 701 N.E.2d (Ill. 1998).

Green v. Bd. of Mun. Employees’, Officers’, and Officials’ Annuity and Ben. Fund of Chicago, 723 N.E.2d 294 (Ill.App. 1 Dist. 1999).

Indiana

Arnold v. Dirrim, 398 N.E.2d 426 (Ind.App. 3 Dist. 1979).

McGill v. Ling, 801 N.E.2d 678 (Ind.App. 2004).

Iowa

Harryman v. Hayles, 257 N.W.2d 631 (Iowa 1977).

Lucas v. Pioneer, Inc., 256 N.W.2d 167 (Iowa 1977).

Montgomery v. Polk County, 278 N.W.2d 911 (Iowa 1979).

Harrington v. Toshiba Machine Co., Ltd., 562 N.W.2d 190 (Iowa 1997).

Kansas

Shutts v. Phillips Petroleum Co., 567 P.2d 1292 (Kan. 1977).

Wlatrip v. Sidwell Corp., 678 P.2d 128 (Kan. 1984).

Shutts v. Phillips Petroleum Co., 679 P.2d 1159 (Kan. 1984).

Louisiana

Gauthreaux v. Rheem Mfg. Co., 588 So.2d 723 (La.App.5 Cir. 1991).

Smith v. Cutter Biological, 770 So.2d. 392 (La.App. 4 Cir. 2000).

Maryland

Snowden v. Baltimore Gas & Elec. Co., 479 A.2d 1329 (Md. 1984).

Christensen v. Philip Morris USA Inc., 875 A.2d 823 (Md.App. 2005).

Massachusetts

Baldassari v. Public Finance Trust, 337 N.E.2d 701 (Mass. 1975).

Mass. Elec. Co. v. Mass. Comm. Against Discrimination, 375 N.E.2d 1192 (Mass. 1978).

DiCerbo v. Commissioner of Dept. Of Employment and Training, 763 N.E.2d 566 (Mass.App.Ct. 2002).

Michigan

Northview Const. Co. v. City of St. Clair Shores, 236 N.W.2d 396 (Mich 1975).

Northview Const. Co. v. City of St. Clair Shores, 249 N.W.2d 290 (Mich. 1976).

Kass v. H.B. Shane & Co., Inc., 246 N.W.2d 396 (Mich.App. 1976).

Grigg v. Mich. Nat. Bank, 274 N.W.2d 752 (Mich. 1979).

State v. Detroit Lumbermen’s Assn., Inc., 1979 WL 18703 (Mich.Cir.Ct. 1979).

Citizens for Pre-Trial Justice v. Goldfarb, 278 N.W.2d 653 (Mich.App. 1979).

Lewis v. Detroit Auto. Inter-Ins. Exchange, 393 N.W.2d 167 (Mich. 1986).

U.S. Fidelity & Gaur. Co. v. Amerisure Ins. Co., 489 N.W.2d 115 (Mich.App. 1992).

Warren Consol. Schools v. W.R. Grace & Co., 518 N.W.2d 508 (Mich.App. 1994).

Flake v. City of Detroit, 1997 WL 33330822 (Mich.App. 1997).

Secura Ins. Co. v. Auto-Owners Ins. Co., 605 N.W.2d 308 (Mich. 2000).

Cowles v. Bank West, 687 N.W.2d 603 (Mich.App. 2004).

Devillers v. Auto Club Ins. Assn., 702 N.W.2d 539 (Mich. 2005).

Ward v. Rooney-Gandy, 696 N.W.2d 64 (Mich.App. 2005).

Minnesota

Bonhiver v. Graff, 248 N.W.2d 291 (Minn. 1976).

Bartlett v. Miller and Schroeder Municipals, Inc., 355 N.W.2d 435 (Minn.App. 1984).

Carlson v. Independent School Dist. No. 283, 370 N.W.2d 51 (Minn. 1985). 

Carlson v. Independent School Dist. No. 623, 392 N.W.2d 216 (Minn. 1986). 

Graham v. Knutson Mortg. Corp., 1996 WL 407491 (Minn.Dist.Ct. 1996). 
 

Missouri

Charles v. Spradling, 524 S.W.2d 820 (Mo.1975).

Hayatt Corp. v. Occidental Fire & Cas. Co. of N.C., 801 S.W.2d 382 (Mo.App. W.D. 1990).

Division Six State ex rel. James J. Lindsay et al. v. Honorable John C. Brackman, 1996 WL 2043 (Mo.App. E.D. 1996).

New Jersey

White v. Violent Crimes Compensation Bd., 388 A.2d 206 (N.J. 1978).

Galloway Tp. v. Petkevis, 2 N.J.Tax 85 (N.J.Tax 1980).

Beneficial Finance Co. Of AAJntic City v. Swaggerty, 432 A.2d 512 (N.J. 1981).

Mobil Admin. Service Co. v. Mansfield Tp., 15 N.J.Tax 583 (N.J.Tax 1996).

Staub v. Eastman Kodak Co., 726 A.2d 955 (N.J.Super.A.D. 1999).

New York

Public Loan Co., Inc. v. Hyde, 390 N.Y.S.2d 971 (N.Y.Sup. 1977).

Lincoln First Bank of Rochester v. Rupert, 400 N.Y.S.2d 618 (N.Y.A.D. 4 Dept. 1977).

Douglas v. Arthur Anderson & Co., 416 N.Y.S.2d 751 (N.Y.A.D. 1 Dept. 1979).

Yollin v. Holland Amer. Cruises, Inc., 468 N.Y.S.2d 873 (N.Y.A.D. 1 Dept. 1983).

Hoerger v. Bd. of Educ. of Great Neck Union Free School Dist., 471 N.Y.S.2d 139 (N.Y.A.D. 2 Dept. 1983).

Campo v. Asbestospray Corp., 527 N.Y.S.2d 683 (N.Y.Sup. 1988).

Huebner v. Caldwell & Cook, Inc., 526 N.Y.S.2d 356 (N.Y.Sup. 1988).

Singer v. Eli Lilly and Co., 549 N.Y.S.2d 654 (N.Y.A.D. 1 Dept. 1990).

N.Y. City Health and Hospitals Corp. v. McBarnette, 616 N.Y.S.2d 1 (N.Y. 1994).

O’Hara v. Bayliner, 657 N.Y.S.2d 569 (N.Y. 1997). 

Altman v. Fortune Brands, Inc., 701 N.Y.S.2d 615 (N.Y.A.D. 1 Dept. 2000).

North Carolina

Scarvey v. First Fed. Sav. And Loan Assn. of Charlotte, 2000 WL 33915846 (N.C.Super. 2000).

Cacha v. Montaco, Inc., 554 S.E.2d 388 (N.C.App. 2001). 

Scarvey v. First Fed. Sav. And Loan Assn. of Charlotte, 552 S.E.2d 655 (N.C.App. 2001).

Ohio

Roemisch v. Mutual of Omaha Ins. Co., 314 N.E.2d 386 (Ohio 1974).

Bass v. Ohio Medical Indemnity Inc., 1977 WL 199736 (Ohio App. 1 Dist. 1977).

Keidel Supply Co., Inc. v. Fair, 1978 WL 216373 (Ohio App. 1 Dist. 1978).

Smith v. Rudler, 1993 WL 318797 (Ohio App. 11 Dist.1993).

Bossey v. Al Castrucci, Inc., 664 N.E.2d 1301 (Ohio App. 2 Dist. 1995).

Vaccariello v. Smith & Nephew Richards, Inc., 1999 WL 1133317 (Ohio Com.Pl. 1999).

Ohio Hosp. Assn. v. Armstrong World Indus., Inc., 2000 WL 354742 (Ohio App. 8 Dist. 2000).

Vaccariello v. Smith & Nephew Richards, Inc., 2000 WL 1060649 (Ohio App. 8 Dist. 2000) 

Kolar v. Ohio Cas. Group, 2000 WL 1679455 (Ohio App. 8 Dist. 2000).

Vaccariello v. Smith & Nephew Richards, Inc., 763 N.E.2d 160 (Ohio 2002).

Oklahoma

Brashears v. Sight ‘N Sound Appliance Centers, Inc., 981 P.2d 1270 (Okla.Civ.App. Div. 3 1999).

Fuller v. Sight ‘N Sound Appliance Centers, Inc., 982 P.2d 528 (Okla.Civ.App. Div. 3 1999).

Dewey v. State ex rel. Okla. Firefighters Pension and Retirement System, 28 P.3d 539, (Okla. 2001). 

Oregon

Bergquist v. International Realty, Ltd., 537 P.2d 553 (Or. 1975).

Shannon v. Carter, 579 P.2d 1288 (Or. 1978).

Pennsylvania

McMonagle v. Allstate Ins. Co., 324 A.2d 414 (Pa.Super. 1974).

Household Consumer Discount Co. v. Vespaziani, 387 A.2d 93 (Pa.Super. 1978).

Alessandro v. State Farm. Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 409 A.2d 347 (Pa. 1979).

Deis v. Nat. Mut. Ins. Co., 1984 WL 2381 (Pa.Com.Pl. 1984).

Kruth v. Liberty Mut. Ins. Co., 499 A.2d 354 (Pa.Super. 1985).

Lewchenko v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 492 A.2d 1165 (Pa.Super. 1985).

Ormsby v. Allstate Ins. Co., 1985 WL 5438 (Pa.Com.Pl. 1985).

Miller v. Fed. Kemper Ins. Co., 508 A.2d 1222 (Pa.Super. 1986).

Kraft v. Allstate Ins. Co., 511 A.2d 1356 (Pa.Super. 1986).

Cunningham v. Ins. Co. of North Amer., 530 A.2d 407 (Pa. 1987).

Simmons v. Cohen, 534 A.2d 140 (Pa.Cmwlth. 1987).

Goll v. Ins. Co. of North Amer., 611 A.2d 1255 (Pa.Super. 1992).

Egenrieder v. Ohio Cas. Group, 529 A.2d 1118 (Pa.Super. 1992).

Verrichia v. Com., Dept. Of Revenue, 639 A.2d 957 (Pa.Cmwlth. 1994).

Municipal Water Auth. of Westmoreland County v. Moffat, 670 A.2d 747 (Pa.Cmwlth. 1996).

Dauphin Deposit Bank and Trust Co. v. Hess, 698 A,2d 1305 (Pa.Super. 1997).

Taylor v. Shirley Inc., 714 A.2d 1064 (Pa.Super. 1998).

Ravitch v. Pricewaterhouse, 793 A.2d 939 (Pa.Super. 2002).

Johnson v. Amer. Home Products Corp., 2003 WL 21467099 (Pa.Com.Pl. 2003).

Tennessee

Maestras v. Sofamor Danek Group, Inc., 1999 WL 74212 (Tenn.Ct.App. 1999).

Maestras v. Sofamor Danek Group, Inc., 33 S.W.3d 805 (Tenn. 2000).
 

Utah

Amer. Tierra Corp. v. City of West Jordan, 840 P.2d 757 (Utah 1992).
 

Washington

Columbia Gorge Audobon Society v. Klickitat County, 989 P.2d 1260 (Wash.App.Div. 1999).

Pickett v. Holland Amer. Line-Westours, Inc., 6 P.3d 63 (Wash.App.Div. 2000).

Pickett v. Holland Amer. Line-Westours, Inc., 35 P.3d 351 (Wash. 2001).

West Virginia

In re West Virginia Rezulin Litigation, 585 S.E.2d 52 (W.Va. 2003).
 

Wisconsin

Mercury Records Productions, Inc. v. Economic Consultants, Inc., 283 N.W.2d 613 (Wis.App.1979).
 

Puerto Rico

Rivera Castillo v. Municipio de San Juan, 130 D.P.R.683 (P.R. 1992).

Fernandez Pola v. Estado Libre Asociafo De Puerto Rico, 2003 WL 21977951 (2003).